Hangzhou is proud of its long history and profound culture. For thousands of years, Hangzhou culture, as represented by cultures conceived along West Lake, the Grand Canal and Qiantang River, features a fusion of opening to the outside world and progress in creativity and innovation.

Specifically, West Lake culture has absorbed the cream of cultures of different eras, including those of the Kuahu Bridge (8,000 years ago), Liangzhu City (5,300 years ago), the Wu and Yue kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911), and the Republic of China (1912-49).

It shows the richness of landscaping, gardening, religion, architecture, celebrity, folkways, silk, tea and gourmet culture, which together reflect Hangzhou's characteristic exquisiteness, harmony and elegance.

Grand Canal culture, which mirrors Hangzhou's openness, inclusiveness and closeness to life, features a blending of indigenous cultural elements in water conservation, trade and commerce, local specialties, waterscapes, traditional operas and temple fairs.

Qiantang River culture, like the surging tide of the water, symbolizes the broad-mindedness and open spirit of Hangzhou residents.